Data provided by EOL.org
Species Identified
Carcharhinus sorrah (Müller and Henle, 1839) (Black-tip shark)
Found on the continental and insular shelves, primarily near reefs . Sometimes in offshore waters . Live near the seabed during the day and near the surface at night . Shark movements often short but may be more than 1...
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Found on the continental and insular shelves, primarily near reefs . Sometimes in offshore waters . Live near the seabed during the day and near the surface at night . Shark movements often short but may be more than 1,000 km . Prefers teleost fishes but also feeds on cephalopods and crustaceans . Viviparous . Regularly caught by local artisanal and small-scale commercial fisheries where it occurs . Utilized as a food fish; fins used in the oriental shark fin trade, liver for vitamin oil, and offal for fishmeal .
Carcharhinus limbatus (Müller and Henle, 1839) (Black-tip shark)
The fast-swimming blacktip shark is an active fish that can be seen leaping out of the water and spinning before dropping back into the sea . This agile spinning behaviour is thought to be used while feeding on small scho...
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The fast-swimming blacktip shark is an active fish that can be seen leaping out of the water and spinning before dropping back into the sea . This agile spinning behaviour is thought to be used while feeding on small schooling fishes, such as herrings or sardines. The sharks propel themselves vertically, up through the school, spinning and snapping in all directions until they breach the surface . As well as feeding on schools of small bony fish, the blacktip shark occasionally preys on squid, cuttlefish, octopi, crabs and lobsters . Blacktip sharks often occur in large schools, which with their highly energetic temperament, can result in competitive feeding frenzies when confronted with immense shoals of fish or the waste of a shrimp trawler being dumped overboard . Mating in the blacktip shark occurs from May to June, and pregnancy lasts for about one year . The viviparous blacktip shark gives birth in shallow, coastal waters, to between one and ten pups in May or June. The young remain in the calm, food-rich nursery area until autumn .
Triaenodon obesus (Rüppell, 1837) (Whitetip reef shark)
Despite its docile nature during the day this nocturnal shark can become aggressive when hunting at night, thrashing through coral reefs looking for potential prey. The whitetip reef shark usually hunts alone, but is non-t...
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Despite its docile nature during the day this nocturnal shark can become aggressive when hunting at night, thrashing through coral reefs looking for potential prey. The whitetip reef shark usually hunts alone, but is non-territorial and will occasionally work in cooperation with others in the pursuit of prey . Feeding primarily on bottom-dwelling octopus, lobsters, crabs and bony fish, it often chases its prey into a crevice before jamming its body in after it, sealing the exit . The extremely posterior location of the first dorsal fin compared to those of other sharks is an adaptation to this feeding habit, which allows them to get their heads and mouths much further into the gaps and holes in the coral . The whitetip reef shark's mating season varies with location . Reproduction is viviparous and after a gestation period of around a year the female will give birth to one to five live pups, which are completely independent at birth . Both sexes reach sexual maturity at approximately 5 years old, and it is estimated that this species can live to an age of 25 years .
Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker, 1856) (Gray reef shark)
Occurs on continental and insular shelves and oceanic waters adjacent to them . Common on coral reefs, often in deeper areas near drop-offs to the open sea, in atoll passes, and in shallow lagoons adjacent to areas of str...
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Occurs on continental and insular shelves and oceanic waters adjacent to them . Common on coral reefs, often in deeper areas near drop-offs to the open sea, in atoll passes, and in shallow lagoons adjacent to areas of strong currents . Coastal-pelagic near the bottom, near drop-offs at 1-275 m . Forms daytime schools or aggregations in favored areas . Although active during the day, it is more active nocturnally . Viviparous, with 1-6 pups . Feeds on reef fishes, squids, octopi, crabs, lobsters and shrimps . Tends to be aggressive under baited conditions and readily enters into a frenzy feeding pattern, at which time it may become quite dangerous. Repeatedly incriminated in human attacks. Utilized for human consumption, fishmeal, and other shark products. Minimum depth from Ref. 6871. Maximum length of female taken from Ref. 5213.
Chelonia mydas Linnaeus 1758 (Green Turtle)
Green turtles are long-lived and may take up to 59 years to reach sexual maturity Undertaking tremendous feats of navigation, adults return to the same beach to breed each season, part of the population in Brazil astonish...
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Green turtles are long-lived and may take up to 59 years to reach sexual maturity Undertaking tremendous feats of navigation, adults return to the same beach to breed each season, part of the population in Brazil astonishingly migrates around 2,250 kilometres across the open ocean to breed on the Ascension Islands . Mating tends to occur just offshore of the nesting beaches; using a curved claw on each front flipper and a flat nail at the end of the tail, males are able to grip their mates . Females haul out onto the beach at night and dig large nests with their back flippers beyond the high tide mark, they typically lay between 100 and 150 eggs in one nest and then proceed to cover the eggs with sand; the whole process takes around two hours . A single female returns to breed only once every two to five years but will lay up to nine nests in that one season . Incubation takes between 45 and 70 days, and temperature has been shown to determine of the sex of hatchlings; with females being produced at warmer temperatures . Breaking open their eggs with a special hooked 'egg tooth' that will subsequently be lost; hatchlings use their powerful front flippers to reach the surface, and then proceed to the sea . The soft-bodied juveniles are particularly vulnerable at this time from a variety of predators, such as ghost crabs and gulls on the beach to sharks and dolphins in the water . Unlike other marine turtles, adult green turtles are almost exclusively herbivorous, grazing on seagrasses and algae ; it is assumed that juveniles are more omnivorous although the exact composition of their diet is unknown
Eretmochelys imbricata (LINNAEUS) 1766 (Hawksbill Turtle)
Hawksbills may take decades to mature and it could be between 20 to 40 years before they are ready to breed . Upon reaching sexual maturity, a female will typically lay up to five clutches of around 100 to 140 eggs in one ...
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Hawksbills may take decades to mature and it could be between 20 to 40 years before they are ready to breed . Upon reaching sexual maturity, a female will typically lay up to five clutches of around 100 to 140 eggs in one breeding season, and then wait a few years before nesting again . Nesting is much more dispersed than in other marine turtles, but individuals do tend to return to a particular beach season after season . Having survived the dash to the sea, hatchlings are believed to spend their first few years in the open ocean before returning to more sheltered coastal waters. Recent studies indicate that the oceanic phase may be shorter for hawksbills, or even omitted in certain regions, as hatchlings swim less vigorously than those of other species . Probably less than one out of 1000 eggs will survive and reach adulthood . Adults are opportunistic predators, using their sharp beak to prize invertebrate prey from crevices within the reef. Unusually amongst marine animals , sponges make up the majority of the hawksbill's diet .
Arothron mappa (Lesson, 1831) (Map puffer)
Occur in clear lagoon and sheltered seaward reefs . Adults usually along deep drop-offs . Usually close to shelter. Occur singly . Feed on algae, sponges, and benthic invertebrates.
Occur in clear lagoon and sheltered seaward reefs . Adults usually along deep drop-offs . Usually close to shelter. Occur singly . Feed on algae, sponges, and benthic invertebrates.
Arothron nigropunctatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Blackspotted puffer)
Inhabit coastal to outer reef crest and slopes with rich invertebrate growth. Adults often in pairs . Feed on corals , crustaceans, mollusks, sponges, tunicates and algae . Generally common .
Inhabit coastal to outer reef crest and slopes with rich invertebrate growth. Adults often in pairs . Feed on corals , crustaceans, mollusks, sponges, tunicates and algae . Generally common .
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Iliyana ramjaun
Malaysia
Date: 2012-09-19 - 10:00
Max Depth: 25m Duration: 46mins
Dived with
Froilan
from
Sipadan Water Village Resort
Air:
210 bar
60 bar
Mission:
Looking for hammerhead sharks.
Buddies:
Shehzaad Ramjaun
Andrew Mark Tze Liang
Fariz Eldrin Toh Rizal
Edidijus Bacevicius
Dovile Leonaviaute
Spotted:
Normal reef sharks - Black-tip, White-tip & Gray