Data provided by EOL.org
Species Identified
Chelonia mydas Linnaeus 1758 (Green Turtle)
Green turtles are long-lived and may take up to 59 years to reach sexual maturity Undertaking tremendous feats of navigation, adults return to the same beach to breed each season, part of the population in Brazil astonish...
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Green turtles are long-lived and may take up to 59 years to reach sexual maturity Undertaking tremendous feats of navigation, adults return to the same beach to breed each season, part of the population in Brazil astonishingly migrates around 2,250 kilometres across the open ocean to breed on the Ascension Islands . Mating tends to occur just offshore of the nesting beaches; using a curved claw on each front flipper and a flat nail at the end of the tail, males are able to grip their mates . Females haul out onto the beach at night and dig large nests with their back flippers beyond the high tide mark, they typically lay between 100 and 150 eggs in one nest and then proceed to cover the eggs with sand; the whole process takes around two hours . A single female returns to breed only once every two to five years but will lay up to nine nests in that one season . Incubation takes between 45 and 70 days, and temperature has been shown to determine of the sex of hatchlings; with females being produced at warmer temperatures . Breaking open their eggs with a special hooked 'egg tooth' that will subsequently be lost; hatchlings use their powerful front flippers to reach the surface, and then proceed to the sea . The soft-bodied juveniles are particularly vulnerable at this time from a variety of predators, such as ghost crabs and gulls on the beach to sharks and dolphins in the water . Unlike other marine turtles, adult green turtles are almost exclusively herbivorous, grazing on seagrasses and algae ; it is assumed that juveniles are more omnivorous although the exact composition of their diet is unknown
Eretmochelys imbricata (LINNAEUS) 1766 (Hawksbill Turtle)
Hawksbills may take decades to mature and it could be between 20 to 40 years before they are ready to breed . Upon reaching sexual maturity, a female will typically lay up to five clutches of around 100 to 140 eggs in one ...
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Hawksbills may take decades to mature and it could be between 20 to 40 years before they are ready to breed . Upon reaching sexual maturity, a female will typically lay up to five clutches of around 100 to 140 eggs in one breeding season, and then wait a few years before nesting again . Nesting is much more dispersed than in other marine turtles, but individuals do tend to return to a particular beach season after season . Having survived the dash to the sea, hatchlings are believed to spend their first few years in the open ocean before returning to more sheltered coastal waters. Recent studies indicate that the oceanic phase may be shorter for hawksbills, or even omitted in certain regions, as hatchlings swim less vigorously than those of other species . Probably less than one out of 1000 eggs will survive and reach adulthood . Adults are opportunistic predators, using their sharp beak to prize invertebrate prey from crevices within the reef. Unusually amongst marine animals , sponges make up the majority of the hawksbill's diet .
Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker, 1856) (Gray reef shark)
Occurs on continental and insular shelves and oceanic waters adjacent to them . Common on coral reefs, often in deeper areas near drop-offs to the open sea, in atoll passes, and in shallow lagoons adjacent to areas of str...
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Occurs on continental and insular shelves and oceanic waters adjacent to them . Common on coral reefs, often in deeper areas near drop-offs to the open sea, in atoll passes, and in shallow lagoons adjacent to areas of strong currents . Coastal-pelagic near the bottom, near drop-offs at 1-275 m . Forms daytime schools or aggregations in favored areas . Although active during the day, it is more active nocturnally . Viviparous, with 1-6 pups . Feeds on reef fishes, squids, octopi, crabs, lobsters and shrimps . Tends to be aggressive under baited conditions and readily enters into a frenzy feeding pattern, at which time it may become quite dangerous. Repeatedly incriminated in human attacks. Utilized for human consumption, fishmeal, and other shark products. Minimum depth from Ref. 6871. Maximum length of female taken from Ref. 5213.
Arothron nigropunctatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Blackspotted puffer)
Inhabit coastal to outer reef crest and slopes with rich invertebrate growth. Adults often in pairs . Feed on corals , crustaceans, mollusks, sponges, tunicates and algae . Generally common .
Inhabit coastal to outer reef crest and slopes with rich invertebrate growth. Adults often in pairs . Feed on corals , crustaceans, mollusks, sponges, tunicates and algae . Generally common .
Arothron stellatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Blackspotted puffer)
Relatively uncommon in patch reefs and coral slopes near sandy areas of clear lagoon and seaward reefs. Juveniles occur in sandy and weedy inner reefs, adults on clear lagoons and seaward reefs . Juveniles inshore, usual...
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Relatively uncommon in patch reefs and coral slopes near sandy areas of clear lagoon and seaward reefs. Juveniles occur in sandy and weedy inner reefs, adults on clear lagoons and seaward reefs . Juveniles inshore, usually on muddy substrates and often estuarine. Adults on deep slopes and range to outer reefs, sometimes swimming high above the substrate or just below the surface. Pelagic larvae may disperse over great distance and juveniles occur in subtropical zone . Enter estuaries . Considered as the giant among puffers reaching a total length well in excess of a meter.
Diagramma pictum (Thunberg, 1792) (Painted sweetlips)
Plectorhinchus obscurus (Günther, 1872) (Giant sweetlips)
Occurs along outer reef slopes. Adults usually solitary but may occur in pairs. Juveniles in shallow turbid coastal areas .
Occurs along outer reef slopes. Adults usually solitary but may occur in pairs. Juveniles in shallow turbid coastal areas .
Cephalopholis argus Bloch and Schneider, 1801 (Grouper)
A generally common species found in a variety of coral habitats from tide pools to depths of at least 40 m; prefers the 1 to 10 m reef zone. Juvenile prefers shallow, protected coral thickets . Benthic and benthopelagi...
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A generally common species found in a variety of coral habitats from tide pools to depths of at least 40 m; prefers the 1 to 10 m reef zone. Juvenile prefers shallow, protected coral thickets . Benthic and benthopelagic . Feeds mainly on fishes (75-95%) and to a lesser extent on crustaceans. In the Red Sea, it feeds early in the morning and late afternoon ; but at Madagascar, it appears to feed more at night . Implicated in ciguatera at some of the islands in Pacific region. In Hong Kong live fish markets .
Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskål, 1775) (Giant grouper)
Prefers clear water areas on coral reefs; juveniles have been taken from reef flats and in tide pools, adults found in deeper waters. Solitary and common in lightly fished areas . Adults from Oceania almost exclusively f...
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Prefers clear water areas on coral reefs; juveniles have been taken from reef flats and in tide pools, adults found in deeper waters. Solitary and common in lightly fished areas . Adults from Oceania almost exclusively feeds on fishes . In the Hong Kong live fish markets . Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 30874. Occasionally ciguatoxic . Reports of sizes in excess of 80 cm total length for E. tauvina are probably based on misidentifications of E. coioides, E. malabaricus, and E. lanceolatus; these species grow much bigger than tauvina (Ref. 5222, Heemstra pers. comm. 09/04)..
Naso brevirostris (Cuvier, 1829) (Spotted unicornfish)
Odonus niger (Rüppell, 1836) (Redtoothed triggerfish)
Inhabits reef channels or along slopes that are subject to strong currents . Occur in current-swept seaward coral reefs. Usually form aggregations and feed on zooplankton as well as sponges . Juveniles associated with i...
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Inhabits reef channels or along slopes that are subject to strong currents . Occur in current-swept seaward coral reefs. Usually form aggregations and feed on zooplankton as well as sponges . Juveniles associated with isolated patches of rubble or crevices with proper-sized shelter holes . Oviparous . Form large schools to feed on zooplankton . Also taken by drive-in nets . Marketed fresh or dried-salted. Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 30874. Popular aquarium fish .
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Iliyana ramjaun
Malaysia
Date: 2012-09-19 - 12:00
Max Depth: 22m Duration: 50mins
Dived with
Froilan
from
Sipadan Water Village Resort
Air:
190 bar
60 bar
Mission:
Counting turtles. Wall diving.
Buddies:
Shehzaad Ramjaun
Andrew Mark Tze Liang
Fariz Eldrin Toh Rizal
Edidijus Bacevicius
Dovile Leonaviaute
Spotted: