Data provided by EOL.org
Species Identified
Carcharhinus sorrah (Müller and Henle, 1839) (Black-tip shark)
Found on the continental and insular shelves, primarily near reefs . Sometimes in offshore waters . Live near the seabed during the day and near the surface at night . Shark movements often short but may be more than 1...
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Found on the continental and insular shelves, primarily near reefs . Sometimes in offshore waters . Live near the seabed during the day and near the surface at night . Shark movements often short but may be more than 1,000 km . Prefers teleost fishes but also feeds on cephalopods and crustaceans . Viviparous . Regularly caught by local artisanal and small-scale commercial fisheries where it occurs . Utilized as a food fish; fins used in the oriental shark fin trade, liver for vitamin oil, and offal for fishmeal .
Carcharhinus limbatus (Müller and Henle, 1839) (Black-tip shark)
The fast-swimming blacktip shark is an active fish that can be seen leaping out of the water and spinning before dropping back into the sea . This agile spinning behaviour is thought to be used while feeding on small scho...
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The fast-swimming blacktip shark is an active fish that can be seen leaping out of the water and spinning before dropping back into the sea . This agile spinning behaviour is thought to be used while feeding on small schooling fishes, such as herrings or sardines. The sharks propel themselves vertically, up through the school, spinning and snapping in all directions until they breach the surface . As well as feeding on schools of small bony fish, the blacktip shark occasionally preys on squid, cuttlefish, octopi, crabs and lobsters . Blacktip sharks often occur in large schools, which with their highly energetic temperament, can result in competitive feeding frenzies when confronted with immense shoals of fish or the waste of a shrimp trawler being dumped overboard . Mating in the blacktip shark occurs from May to June, and pregnancy lasts for about one year . The viviparous blacktip shark gives birth in shallow, coastal waters, to between one and ten pups in May or June. The young remain in the calm, food-rich nursery area until autumn .
Triaenodon obesus (Rüppell, 1837) (Whitetip reef shark)
Despite its docile nature during the day this nocturnal shark can become aggressive when hunting at night, thrashing through coral reefs looking for potential prey. The whitetip reef shark usually hunts alone, but is non-t...
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Despite its docile nature during the day this nocturnal shark can become aggressive when hunting at night, thrashing through coral reefs looking for potential prey. The whitetip reef shark usually hunts alone, but is non-territorial and will occasionally work in cooperation with others in the pursuit of prey . Feeding primarily on bottom-dwelling octopus, lobsters, crabs and bony fish, it often chases its prey into a crevice before jamming its body in after it, sealing the exit . The extremely posterior location of the first dorsal fin compared to those of other sharks is an adaptation to this feeding habit, which allows them to get their heads and mouths much further into the gaps and holes in the coral . The whitetip reef shark's mating season varies with location . Reproduction is viviparous and after a gestation period of around a year the female will give birth to one to five live pups, which are completely independent at birth . Both sexes reach sexual maturity at approximately 5 years old, and it is estimated that this species can live to an age of 25 years .
Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker, 1856) (Gray reef shark)
Occurs on continental and insular shelves and oceanic waters adjacent to them . Common on coral reefs, often in deeper areas near drop-offs to the open sea, in atoll passes, and in shallow lagoons adjacent to areas of str...
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Occurs on continental and insular shelves and oceanic waters adjacent to them . Common on coral reefs, often in deeper areas near drop-offs to the open sea, in atoll passes, and in shallow lagoons adjacent to areas of strong currents . Coastal-pelagic near the bottom, near drop-offs at 1-275 m . Forms daytime schools or aggregations in favored areas . Although active during the day, it is more active nocturnally . Viviparous, with 1-6 pups . Feeds on reef fishes, squids, octopi, crabs, lobsters and shrimps . Tends to be aggressive under baited conditions and readily enters into a frenzy feeding pattern, at which time it may become quite dangerous. Repeatedly incriminated in human attacks. Utilized for human consumption, fishmeal, and other shark products. Minimum depth from Ref. 6871. Maximum length of female taken from Ref. 5213.
Cromileptes altivelis (Valenciennes, 1828) (panther fish)
The humpback grouper is known to be territorial and somewhat aggressive, particularly towards smaller fish. This solitary predator hides in the rocks before ambushing its prey , which typically comprises fish and crustacea...
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The humpback grouper is known to be territorial and somewhat aggressive, particularly towards smaller fish. This solitary predator hides in the rocks before ambushing its prey , which typically comprises fish and crustaceans . It is thought that the species' 'polka-dot' pattern of colouration may disrupt the contour of its body and thereby help camouflage it from prey and would-be predators . Females lay eggs that are then fertilised by the male externally, and neither the eggs nor hatched young are guarded or protected in any way by the parents. Only females hatch, with males being produced as necessary by the dominant females within a group changing sex from female to male. If a male dies, the next dominant female will undergo a sex change to replace him .
Chelonia mydas Linnaeus 1758 (Green Turtle)
Green turtles are long-lived and may take up to 59 years to reach sexual maturity Undertaking tremendous feats of navigation, adults return to the same beach to breed each season, part of the population in Brazil astonish...
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Green turtles are long-lived and may take up to 59 years to reach sexual maturity Undertaking tremendous feats of navigation, adults return to the same beach to breed each season, part of the population in Brazil astonishingly migrates around 2,250 kilometres across the open ocean to breed on the Ascension Islands . Mating tends to occur just offshore of the nesting beaches; using a curved claw on each front flipper and a flat nail at the end of the tail, males are able to grip their mates . Females haul out onto the beach at night and dig large nests with their back flippers beyond the high tide mark, they typically lay between 100 and 150 eggs in one nest and then proceed to cover the eggs with sand; the whole process takes around two hours . A single female returns to breed only once every two to five years but will lay up to nine nests in that one season . Incubation takes between 45 and 70 days, and temperature has been shown to determine of the sex of hatchlings; with females being produced at warmer temperatures . Breaking open their eggs with a special hooked 'egg tooth' that will subsequently be lost; hatchlings use their powerful front flippers to reach the surface, and then proceed to the sea . The soft-bodied juveniles are particularly vulnerable at this time from a variety of predators, such as ghost crabs and gulls on the beach to sharks and dolphins in the water . Unlike other marine turtles, adult green turtles are almost exclusively herbivorous, grazing on seagrasses and algae ; it is assumed that juveniles are more omnivorous although the exact composition of their diet is unknown
Balistoides conspicillum (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) (Clown triggerfish)
Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pennant coralfish)
Inhabit deep, protected lagoons and channels, and the deeper parts of outer reef slopes. Juveniles are often solitary while adults occur in pairs . A planktivorous species that generally remains within a few meters of th...
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Inhabit deep, protected lagoons and channels, and the deeper parts of outer reef slopes. Juveniles are often solitary while adults occur in pairs . A planktivorous species that generally remains within a few meters of the reef. Juveniles may sometimes pick on parasites on the epidermis of other fish . Oviparous . Form pairs during breeding .
Arothron stellatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Blackspotted puffer)
Relatively uncommon in patch reefs and coral slopes near sandy areas of clear lagoon and seaward reefs. Juveniles occur in sandy and weedy inner reefs, adults on clear lagoons and seaward reefs . Juveniles inshore, usual...
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Relatively uncommon in patch reefs and coral slopes near sandy areas of clear lagoon and seaward reefs. Juveniles occur in sandy and weedy inner reefs, adults on clear lagoons and seaward reefs . Juveniles inshore, usually on muddy substrates and often estuarine. Adults on deep slopes and range to outer reefs, sometimes swimming high above the substrate or just below the surface. Pelagic larvae may disperse over great distance and juveniles occur in subtropical zone . Enter estuaries . Considered as the giant among puffers reaching a total length well in excess of a meter.
Platax boersii Bleeker, 1852 (Golden spadefish)
Adults occur mostly in large schools along drop-offs, including outer reefs; singly in coastal waters. Juveniles are on deep slopes among tall coral formation . Benthopelagic .
Adults occur mostly in large schools along drop-offs, including outer reefs; singly in coastal waters. Juveniles are on deep slopes among tall coral formation . Benthopelagic .
Scarus psittacus Forsskål, 1775 (Common parrotfish)
Inhabit reef flats and lagoon and seaward reefs to at least 25 m depth . Found over corals . Benthopelagic . Initial-phase fish stage usually form small feeding schools . Graze on benthic algae . Secrete a mucus cocoon .
Inhabit reef flats and lagoon and seaward reefs to at least 25 m depth . Found over corals . Benthopelagic . Initial-phase fish stage usually form small feeding schools . Graze on benthic algae . Secrete a mucus cocoon .
Cetoscarus bicolor (Rüppell, 1829) (Bicolour parrotfish)
Occurs in clear lagoon and seaward reefs . Juveniles usually solitary; adults form harems ; males are territorial. Goes to several changes during growth and very large females change sex to the brightly colored male. Sm...
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Occurs in clear lagoon and seaward reefs . Juveniles usually solitary; adults form harems ; males are territorial. Goes to several changes during growth and very large females change sex to the brightly colored male. Small juveniles usually in dense coral and algae habitats . Benthic grazer of algae . Caught with nets and other types of artisanal gear.
Scarus spinus (Kner, 1868) (Greensnout parrotfish)
Inhabits coral-rich areas of outer lagoon and seaward reefs . Usually solitary . Females usually in small groups with a male nearby; they may mix with females of similar species . An uncommon fish patchily distributed through much of its range.
Inhabits coral-rich areas of outer lagoon and seaward reefs . Usually solitary . Females usually in small groups with a male nearby; they may mix with females of similar species . An uncommon fish patchily distributed through much of its range.
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Iliyana ramjaun
Malaysia
Date: 2012-09-17 - 08:21
Max Depth: 24.3m Duration: 45mins
Dived with
Allan
from
Sipadan Water Village Resort
Air:
190 bar
50 bar
Buddies:
Shehzaad Ramjaun
Andrew Mark Tze Liang
Fariz Eldrin Toh Rizal
Edidijus Bacevicius
Dovile Leonaviaute