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Dive type : Recreational, Drift
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Visibility: Average
Water: Salt
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Species Identified
Triaenodon obesus (Rüppell, 1837) (Whitetip reef shark)
Despite its docile nature during the day this nocturnal shark can become aggressive when hunting at night, thrashing through coral reefs looking for potential prey. The whitetip reef shark usually hunts alone, but is non-t...
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Despite its docile nature during the day this nocturnal shark can become aggressive when hunting at night, thrashing through coral reefs looking for potential prey. The whitetip reef shark usually hunts alone, but is non-territorial and will occasionally work in cooperation with others in the pursuit of prey . Feeding primarily on bottom-dwelling octopus, lobsters, crabs and bony fish, it often chases its prey into a crevice before jamming its body in after it, sealing the exit . The extremely posterior location of the first dorsal fin compared to those of other sharks is an adaptation to this feeding habit, which allows them to get their heads and mouths much further into the gaps and holes in the coral . The whitetip reef shark's mating season varies with location . Reproduction is viviparous and after a gestation period of around a year the female will give birth to one to five live pups, which are completely independent at birth . Both sexes reach sexual maturity at approximately 5 years old, and it is estimated that this species can live to an age of 25 years .
Carcharhinus sorrah (Müller and Henle, 1839) (Black-tip shark)
Found on the continental and insular shelves, primarily near reefs . Sometimes in offshore waters . Live near the seabed during the day and near the surface at night . Shark movements often short but may be more than 1...
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Found on the continental and insular shelves, primarily near reefs . Sometimes in offshore waters . Live near the seabed during the day and near the surface at night . Shark movements often short but may be more than 1,000 km . Prefers teleost fishes but also feeds on cephalopods and crustaceans . Viviparous . Regularly caught by local artisanal and small-scale commercial fisheries where it occurs . Utilized as a food fish; fins used in the oriental shark fin trade, liver for vitamin oil, and offal for fishmeal .
Carcharhinus limbatus (Müller and Henle, 1839) (Black-tip shark)
The fast-swimming blacktip shark is an active fish that can be seen leaping out of the water and spinning before dropping back into the sea . This agile spinning behaviour is thought to be used while feeding on small scho...
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The fast-swimming blacktip shark is an active fish that can be seen leaping out of the water and spinning before dropping back into the sea . This agile spinning behaviour is thought to be used while feeding on small schooling fishes, such as herrings or sardines. The sharks propel themselves vertically, up through the school, spinning and snapping in all directions until they breach the surface . As well as feeding on schools of small bony fish, the blacktip shark occasionally preys on squid, cuttlefish, octopi, crabs and lobsters . Blacktip sharks often occur in large schools, which with their highly energetic temperament, can result in competitive feeding frenzies when confronted with immense shoals of fish or the waste of a shrimp trawler being dumped overboard . Mating in the blacktip shark occurs from May to June, and pregnancy lasts for about one year . The viviparous blacktip shark gives birth in shallow, coastal waters, to between one and ten pups in May or June. The young remain in the calm, food-rich nursery area until autumn .
Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771) (Alho)
Bolbometopon muricatum (Valenciennes, 1840) (Green humphead parrotfish)
The gregarious humphead parrotfish is always found in small shoals, sometimes consisting of up to 75 individuals . It feeds on a diet of live corals and algae that grow on the ocean bottom, and uses its large bulbous head...
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The gregarious humphead parrotfish is always found in small shoals, sometimes consisting of up to 75 individuals . It feeds on a diet of live corals and algae that grow on the ocean bottom, and uses its large bulbous head to ram the coral to break it into smaller, more easily digested pieces . Its beak-like front teeth and pharyngeal teeth at the back of the throat adeptly grind down this food, reducing the hard coral to a paste and breaking down the algae . Any hard, un-nutritious material is passed out in the fish's faeces . As a consequence, adult humphead parrotfish, which are estimated to consume five to six tonnes of coral each year, produce substantial amounts of sediment and influence the structure of coral reefs, thus playing an important role in the coral reef ecosystem . Humphead parrotfish aggregate to spawn at a certain time each month, often around the time of the full moon, in reef channels and passages. Spawning often takes place in early morning , when females release eggs to be fertilized in the water by the sperm released by the male. These large spawning aggregations may consist of around 100 individuals. Large groups of humphead parrotfish are also found when they are sleeping. These large fish can live to an age of at least 40 years .
Chelonia mydas Linnaeus 1758 (Green Turtle)
Green turtles are long-lived and may take up to 59 years to reach sexual maturity Undertaking tremendous feats of navigation, adults return to the same beach to breed each season, part of the population in Brazil astonish...
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Green turtles are long-lived and may take up to 59 years to reach sexual maturity Undertaking tremendous feats of navigation, adults return to the same beach to breed each season, part of the population in Brazil astonishingly migrates around 2,250 kilometres across the open ocean to breed on the Ascension Islands . Mating tends to occur just offshore of the nesting beaches; using a curved claw on each front flipper and a flat nail at the end of the tail, males are able to grip their mates . Females haul out onto the beach at night and dig large nests with their back flippers beyond the high tide mark, they typically lay between 100 and 150 eggs in one nest and then proceed to cover the eggs with sand; the whole process takes around two hours . A single female returns to breed only once every two to five years but will lay up to nine nests in that one season . Incubation takes between 45 and 70 days, and temperature has been shown to determine of the sex of hatchlings; with females being produced at warmer temperatures . Breaking open their eggs with a special hooked 'egg tooth' that will subsequently be lost; hatchlings use their powerful front flippers to reach the surface, and then proceed to the sea . The soft-bodied juveniles are particularly vulnerable at this time from a variety of predators, such as ghost crabs and gulls on the beach to sharks and dolphins in the water . Unlike other marine turtles, adult green turtles are almost exclusively herbivorous, grazing on seagrasses and algae ; it is assumed that juveniles are more omnivorous although the exact composition of their diet is unknown
Eretmochelys imbricata (LINNAEUS) 1766 (Hawksbill Turtle)
Hawksbills may take decades to mature and it could be between 20 to 40 years before they are ready to breed . Upon reaching sexual maturity, a female will typically lay up to five clutches of around 100 to 140 eggs in one ...
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Hawksbills may take decades to mature and it could be between 20 to 40 years before they are ready to breed . Upon reaching sexual maturity, a female will typically lay up to five clutches of around 100 to 140 eggs in one breeding season, and then wait a few years before nesting again . Nesting is much more dispersed than in other marine turtles, but individuals do tend to return to a particular beach season after season . Having survived the dash to the sea, hatchlings are believed to spend their first few years in the open ocean before returning to more sheltered coastal waters. Recent studies indicate that the oceanic phase may be shorter for hawksbills, or even omitted in certain regions, as hatchlings swim less vigorously than those of other species . Probably less than one out of 1000 eggs will survive and reach adulthood . Adults are opportunistic predators, using their sharp beak to prize invertebrate prey from crevices within the reef. Unusually amongst marine animals , sponges make up the majority of the hawksbill's diet .
Chaetodon ornatissimus Cuvier, 1831 (Ornate butterflyfish)
Occur in clear waters and coral-rich areas of lagoon and seaward reefs. However, only common in seaward reefs . Benthopelagic . Juveniles are solitary, living among branching corals, while adults are almost always in pa...
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Occur in clear waters and coral-rich areas of lagoon and seaward reefs. However, only common in seaward reefs . Benthopelagic . Juveniles are solitary, living among branching corals, while adults are almost always in pairs and are home-ranging. Feed exclusively on coral tissue . Oviparous . Form pairs during breeding .
Chaetodon rafflesii [Bennett], 1830 (Latticed coralfish)
An uncommon species found in areas of rich coral growth of lagoon and protected reef flats and seaward reefs . Often in pairs . Feed on sea anemones, polychaetes, and octocorallian and scleractinian coral polyps. Ovipar...
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An uncommon species found in areas of rich coral growth of lagoon and protected reef flats and seaward reefs . Often in pairs . Feed on sea anemones, polychaetes, and octocorallian and scleractinian coral polyps. Oviparous . Form pairs during breeding . In captivity, this species should be fed algae stones and the so-called 'feeding stones' which are prepared by spreading the food pulp over the stone.
Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskål, 1775) (Golden trevally)
Occur in deep lagoon and seaward reefs where they feed by rooting for crustaceans and other invertebrates in the sand. Also feed on small fishes. Small juveniles live among the tentacles of jellyfish . Form schools. No...
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Occur in deep lagoon and seaward reefs where they feed by rooting for crustaceans and other invertebrates in the sand. Also feed on small fishes. Small juveniles live among the tentacles of jellyfish . Form schools. Noted for their behavior to closely swim around sharks and other large fish, but also following divers to gain protection from likely predators . Marketed fresh and salted or dried . Juveniles are used in the aquarium trade.
Carangoides ferdau (Forsskål, 1775) (Blue trevally)
Found in coastal waters adjacent to sandy beaches; also found to depths of 60 m, often near reefs . Pelagic . Singly or in small groups . Feeds mainly on crustaceans, mollusks and small fish that are abundant in the lagoons. Excellent food fish , the flesh is rarely poisonous.
Found in coastal waters adjacent to sandy beaches; also found to depths of 60 m, often near reefs . Pelagic . Singly or in small groups . Feeds mainly on crustaceans, mollusks and small fish that are abundant in the lagoons. Excellent food fish , the flesh is rarely poisonous.
Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål, 1775) (Giant trevally)
Pelagic over sand and rock . Adults occur singly and inhabit clear lagoon and seaward reefs . Juveniles found in estuaries. Feed on crustaceans and fishes at night . Large individuals may be ciguatoxic. The largest t...
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Pelagic over sand and rock . Adults occur singly and inhabit clear lagoon and seaward reefs . Juveniles found in estuaries. Feed on crustaceans and fishes at night . Large individuals may be ciguatoxic. The largest trevally, reaching 1.7 m in length and a weight of over 60 kg . Spawn on shallow seaward reefs and offshore banks . Sold mostly fresh and dried salted.
Caranx lugubris Poey, 1860 (Black jack fish)
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Iliyana Ramjaun
Malaysia
Date: 2012-09-17 - 06:11
Max Depth: 25.9m Duration: 51mins
Dive with Allan from Sipadan Water Village Resort
Air:
200 bar
50 bar
Spotted:
Bumphead Parrotfish - feeding
Vortex of Jackfish
Buddies:
Shehzaad Ramjaun
Andrew Mark Tze Liang
Fariz Eldrin Toh Rizal
Edidijus Bacevicius
Dovile Leonaviaute